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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1990
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90
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jan_mar
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02120012.000
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<text>
<title>
(Feb. 12, 1990) Marching To Unity
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Feb. 12, 1990 Scaling Down Defense
The Reunification of Germany
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 30
THE GERMANYS
Marching To Unity
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Despite Moscow's mixed signals, officials in East and West
Germany take unification to heart. But for many Germans, a
single state already exists
</p>
<p> It was only one sentence, but the words from Mikhail
Gorbachev last week suddenly gave fresh momentum to German
unification. Asked about the possibility of the two Germanys
becoming one, Gorbachev replied, "Basically, no one casts any
doubt on it." Though the Soviet President cautioned that "it
is essential to act responsibly and not seek the solution to
this important issue in the streets," his reluctant blessing
contrasted sharply with his government's previous
pronouncements.
</p>
<p> So sharply, in fact, that within three days the Kremlin
began to hem and haw. Apparently concerned that Gorbachev's
words might be interpreted as an explicit push for a single
German state, Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze told Soviet
reporters that "it is not the idea of German unity itself but
the revival of sinister shadows of the past" that raises alarm.
He proposed that some way be found for the citizens of the
Soviet Union, Europe, the U.S. and Canada to express their
opinions on unification.
</p>
<p> Despite such second thoughts, Gorbachev's earlier words had
a profound effect on East German Prime Minister Hans Modrow.
Two days later, Modrow signaled that he too had finally read
the handwriting on the collapsed Berlin Wall. "Germany should
once again become the united fatherland of all the citizens of
the German nation," he said. Modrow unveiled a four-step
process for the gradual merger of the two Germanys' economies,
legal systems and governments that closely paralleled the plan
presented in December by West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl,
except on one critical point. Modrow unequivocally called for
a neutral Germany, demanding that both states "detach
themselves" from their respective military alliances.
</p>
<p> Kohl welcomed Modrow's proposal, but he dismissed any
prospect of a West German withdrawal from NATO. Perhaps in an
attempt to downplay Modrow and his pitch for neutrality, Kohl
said he will not discuss unification with East Berlin until
after East Germans go to the polls in mid-March. But
unification has emerged as the primary campaign issue in both
East Germany and West Germany, which will hold its national
elections in December. Already Kohl and his fellow politicians
are seeking out like-minded brethren on the other side of the
border, funneling campaign money and building alliances that
will stand them in good stead if a single Germany emerges.
</p>
<p> Gorbachev's softened stance on unification surprised the
Bush Administration, which until now had counted on Moscow's
disapproval to slow down the unification parade. And it came
at an awkward time for George Bush, who proposed last week that
the U.S. reduce its troops in Europe from 305,000 to 225,000.
As Democratic Senator Albert Gore of Tennessee put it, "If all
Soviet troops are pulled out of Eastern Europe and East and
West Germany are unified, then how long are you going to keep
American troops in Europe?"
</p>
<p> Although unification may be an idea whose time has come, it
is still an idea; German officials and their respective allies
have months, perhaps years, of negotiations ahead. In the
meantime, ordinary Germans are making unification a de facto
part of their existence. Despite Gorbachev's warning that the
issue should not be settled in the streets, it is precisely at
that level that the momentum is strongest: East German to West
German, town to town, village to village. To explore how the
bonds are being forged, a TIME correspondent visited the border
towns of Posseck and Hof, 75 miles northwest of Nuremberg.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>